Gymnosperms are the oldest living seed plants, with origins stretching back more than 300 million years. Unlike flowering plants, their seeds are not enclosed within fruits; instead, they develop openly on the surfaces of cones or specialised reproductive structures. This ancient lineage includes conifers, cycads, ginkgos, and gnetophytes — groups that dominated Earth’s forests long … Continue reading "Seed Plants – Gymnosperms"

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